أَحْزَنَهُ he made or caused him (some one else) to become sorrowful/grieved. حَزَنَهُ he made or caused sorrow/grief to be in him (some one else). حَزِنَ He sorrowed/grieved.(Form I(i) intransitive) There is difference in meaning shade between Form I transitive and Form IV transitive. When in Form I, both intransitive & transitive verbs are used, Form IV is usually made from the intransitive verb. أَذْهَبْتُهُ (Form IV) I made him depart or go away. ذَهَبَ (Form I) he departed or went away. Intransitive in Form I usually becomes transitive in Form IV. He made/caused (someone) to know a thing.ĥ (h). أَعْلَمَ (Form IV) He informed (someone) of a thing. When both Form II and Form IV are causative, difference in meaning shade is more obvious in some cases while in some cases deeper analysis is required to identify the difference in meaning shades: (Factitive (for a verb) is having a sense of causing a result & taking a complement as well as an object, as in he appointed me captain.)Ĥ (w)(n). Form IV verbs have a causative or factitive signification. أَفْعَلَ (Form IV reflexive causative) He made himself doģ (w)(g). أَفْعَلَهُ (Form IV causative) He made him (some one else) do Reflexive causative = he made himself do / he caused himself to do. Sometimes it is used to give reflexive causative meaning.
Subject in Form I is now object in Form IV and new subject is introduced in Form IV using أَĢ (t). In جَلَسَ he was sitting, while in أَجْلَسَهُ some one made him sit and this is shown visibly in word also by adding of prefix أَ. This form has a specific أَ prefix and so it has a strong causative function. Can be made from Form I by prefixing أَ to it, due to which ف looses its vowel and resulting pattern is أَفْعَلَ. Can be made from root by prefixing augmentative letter أ before it and giving it pattern أَفْعَلَ. Usually one or multiple (more than one) of the following meaning shades are applicable in a Form IV verb and applicable meaning shades may differ from verb to verb.Last edited on : 1-October-2015 and planned to be edited and improved further.Ĭlick below box to toggle between post's dark, light and white modes.ġ (w)(t). This post is on The Meanings of Arabic Verb Form IV أَفْعَلَ.
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